Swami Dayanand Saraswati (1824–1883) was a spiritual leader and scholar who believed that the Vedas—the oldest Hindu scriptures—contained the ultimate truth and the foundation of an ideal society. He traveled across India, spreading his message and challenging orthodox Hindu practices. In 1875, he formally established Arya Samaj, which rapidly gained followers due to its emphasis on rationality, equality, and social justice.

One of his most influential works was “Satyarth Prakash” (The Light of Truth), in which he outlined his vision for a reformed Hindu society based on the teachings of the Vedas. Arya Samaj played a crucial role in India’s social and educational reform movements, influencing various leaders in the struggle for independence and the fight against social injustices.